Endometriosi: quale contributo da stile di vita, antiossidanti e vitamine?

Buone abitudini di vita possono prevenire e mitigare l’endometriosi?

Un recente articolo della rivista scientifica Nutrients (1) descrive le abitudini di vita che possono contribuire a prevenire l’endometriosi, ed a attenuarne i sintomi e la sua progressione, in sinergia con i trattamenti medici (1, 2).

Secondo questi studi clinici risulta fondamentale, fino dalla più giovane età, migliorare lo stile di vita ed assumere adeguate quantità di antiossidanti-antinfiammatori dagli alimenti, e/o da specifici integratori (1). Tutto questo permette di combattere lo stress ossidativo e l’infiammazione (1, 2).

Infatti, come molte altre malattie, anche l’endometriosi è caratterizzata da uno stato infiammatorio dell’intero organismo (1, 2). Oltre a dipendere da complesse interazioni tra fattori ormonali, immunologici, genetici ecc. (1, 2).

Questi meccanismi generano un circolo vizioso che provoca dolore cronico, alterazioni dei tessuti dell’apparato genitale, oltre a possibili disturbi della fertilità (1).

Inoltre, l’endometriosi è caratterizzata dall’abbassamento dei livelli di difese antiossidanti presenti nel sangue e nel liquido follicolare, es.:  glutatione, vitamine, ecc.  (3-6). Una condizione che aggrava l’infiammazione, ed aumenta il rischio di complicazioni (7-28).

Infiammazione e ridotte difese antiossidanti, cosa provocano?

Il persistere dell’infiammazione e degli altri meccanismi facilitano il precoce invecchiamento biologico dell’organismo, che espone ad un maggior rischio di sviluppare endometriosi (29, 30).

Si tratta di un rischio superiore del 35% rispetto alle donne con un’invecchiamento più corrispondente all’età cronologica (29).

Anche in età giovanile, sono molti i fattori che accelerano l’invecchiamento biologico, ed aumentano il rischio di endometriosi  (24, 31), es.:

•   obesità / sovrappeso (12, 29, 32, 33, 34),  che interessano il 55% delle donne in italia, secondo i rilievi di CUORE project (35);

•   fumo di tabacco (36, 37);

•   eccessivo consumo di alcol (38, 39);

•   abitudini alimentari pro-infiammatorie, es.: basso consumo di frutta e verdura, acidi grassi polinsaturi ecc. (38, 40, 41, 42);

•   disturbi del sonno  (43, 44);

•   malattie autoimmuni (45, 46) o infiammatorie (47);

•   squilibri del microbiota urogenitale ed intestinale, direttamente coinvolti nella patogenesi dell’endometriosi (48-52), ed all’accelerazione dell’aging (53, 54, 55).

Quali sono le possibili conseguenze dell’endometriosi?

I meccanismi molecolari e cellulari presenti nell’endometriosi incrementano il rischio di disturbi della fertilità, della menopausa prematura e delle complicazioni cardiometaboliche (1, 2). 

Come  può incidere l’endometriosi sulla fertilità?

Recenti ricerche confermano l’infiammazione sistemica come una delle cause della riduzione della riserva ovarica nelle donne con endometriosi (56, 57).

Una condizione che espone ad un maggior rischio d’infertilità femminile (58-61), soprattutto quando l’endometriosi interessa l’ovario (62).

Inoltre, intervengono altri processi fisiopatologici (63-67), che coinvolgono anche il microbiota intestinale ed urogenitale, con ulteriore aumento dello stato infiammatorio e dello stress ossidativo (48, 65, 67-72).

Cosa accade con la menopausa?

L’endometriosi può persistere nel 2-5% delle donne anche dopo la menopausa (73-77), che può presentarsi in modo prematuro nelle donne che durante la loro vita hanno sofferto di questo disturbo (78, 79).

Con il declino degli estrogeni la transizione menopausale, ed Il post-menopausa vedono il simultaneo incremento dell’infiammazione cronica sistemica, dello stress ossidativo e della disfunzione mitocondriale (80-85). Oltre al significativo declino delle difese antiossidanti dell’organismo (86, 87, 89), ed all’accelerazione dell’invecchiamento biologico (89).

Per questo l’endometriosi e la precoce menopausa espongono ad aumento del rischio cardiometabolico (70, 90, 91, 92), ed altri disturbi, es.: depressione (93), sarcopenia (94), alterazioni metaboliche ossee (95).

Preservare ed aumentare le difese antiossidanti dell’organismo, può essere vantaggioso?

Varie indagini pubblicate nel 2025 evidenziano la riduzione del rischio dell’endometriosi nelle donne in età fertile che seguono un’alimentazione ricca di antiossidanti (26, 38, 96, 97).

Assumere giornalmente adeguate quantità di antiossidanti svolge un’effetto protettivo anche per la salute riproduttiva (96).  Infatti, a livello del fluido follicolare elevate difese antiossidanti assicurano un alto indice di gravidanza (98), ed il prolungamento temporale della capacità riproduttiva (99).

L’alto apporto di antiossidanti alimentari è inoltre correlato al minore rischio di complicazioni durante la gravidanza (100, 101, 102), ed anche dopo la menopausa (103, 104, 105).

Purtroppo, può risultare frequente l’insufficiente assunzione di adeguate quantità di antiossidanti, es.: polifenoli, vitamine ecc., anche in Paesi di tradizione mediterranea (106-111).

Uno studio svolto in Italia ha registrato un modesto consumo di polifenoli totali (110). 

In altre indagini, caffè, tè e frutta risultano le principali fonti di polifenoli (106-111), e solo quelli derivanti dal caffè risultano preponderanti (107).

Per questo, oltre ai trattamenti medici, l’integrazione mirata e gli interventi sullo stile di vita assumono sempre più un ruolo significativo per ridurre i sintomi dell’endometriosi, rallentarne la progressione e preservare la fertilità (1).

Quali antiossidanti / antinfiammatori hanno individuato le ricerche cliniche?

Gli studi sull’endometriosi dimostrano promettenti benefici con l’uso mirato di alcuni polifenoli (es.. curcumina, resveratrolo) e vitamine (es.: C, D, E, folati); acidi grassi polinsaturi omega 3; probiotici; ed altre molecole bioattive (1, 112, 113, 114).

Per i loro effetti multifunzionali queste sostanze contribuiscono in modo significativo a rallentare l’invecchiamento biologico (115-125), prevenire ed attenuare i vari disturbi clinici associati all’endometriosi ed alla menopausa prematura es.: malattie neurodegenerative, cardiometaboliche, muscolo-scheletriche, stress psicofisico, disturbi del sonno ecc. (116-125).

Sono comunque sostanze che non sostituiscono i trattamenti clinici, ma possono essere integrate nel piano terapeutico, dopo un’opportuna valutazione con il medico curante (1).

Anche gli ingredienti attivi di Mitofast® contribuiscono alla salute urogenitale femminile?

Mitofast®  (Nota 1) è un nutraceutico sviluppato dalla ricerca scientifica Mitochon srl per prevenire ed attenuare l’invecchiamento cutaneo e sistemico.

Alcuni ingredienti attivi di Mitofast® dimostrano prove di efficacia nella prevenzione e gestione dell’endometriosi e delle sue complicazioni, come di molti altri disturbi caratterizzati da ossido-infiammazione, disfunzione mitocondriale, ed accelerazione dell’invecchiamento. 

Il resveratrolo riduce l’ossido-infiammazione, migliora le attività mitocondriali, modula il microbiota intestinale (115-126), permette di rallentare l’aging biologico  (115, 127, 128). Sono molto interessanti i primi risultati per ridurre i sintomi dell’endometriosi (1, 115, 126, 129) e per migliorare la funzione ovarica (130).

Nel caso di menopausa prematura, l’integrazione con resveratrolo  aiuta a migliorare la salute cardiometabolica (117, 118, 121, 131-137), neurocognitiva (116, 122, 123, 131, 132, 134, 137, 138) ed osteomuscolare (117, 119, 120, 131). Sono promettenti anche i risultati conseguiti su: capacità cognitive, funzionalità cerebrovascolare, sensibilità all’insulina, dolore e depressione (131, 132, 139-145).

La N-acetilcisteina (NAC) permette di incrementare in modo significativo i livelli ematici di glutatione, il principale antiossidante dell’organismo (146, 147, 148), e fornisce un contributo importante per ridurre stress ossidativo ed infiammazione (1, 126, 149-152).

L’integrazione con coenzima Q10 ha dimostrato interessanti benefici per la salute riproduttiva (153-160). Bassi livelli sierici di coenzima Q10 risulterebbero infatti associati all’insufficienza ovarica precoce (161, 162).

Il trattamento con contraccettivi ormonali può causare l’abbassamento dei livelli di coenzima Q10 (153, 163, 164), come risulta anche per le statine (165, 166, 167) ed i bifosfonati (168).

Per la salute urogenitale femminile quali sono i benefici dell’adeguato apporto di vitamine ?

In primo luogo l’adeguato apporto alimentare/nutraceutico di vitamine ha un ruolo cruciale per rallentare l’invecchiamento biologico, intervenendo sui fenomeni che lo alimentano: ossido-infiammazione ecc. (169).

Alcune vitamine, come  vitamina B12, folati / acido folico, vitamina C forniscono un supporto insostituibile per combattere il precoce invecchiamento biologico (173-180).  

La vitamina C e la E dimostrano un significativo effetto per prevenire l’endometriosi (1, 26, 29, 38, 96, 149, 152, 182-191, 194).

La somministrazione di Mitofast®, pur non contenendo vitamina E, permette di incrementare in modo fisiologico (11%) i livelli ematici di questa vitamina liposolubile (186). La vitamina E viene infatti rigenerata nella forma attiva, dal coenzima Q10 e dalla vitamina C (186).

L’adeguata assunzione giornaliera di vitamine ed associazioni bilanciate di antiossidanti, insieme ad un’equilibrato stile di vita, risulta efficace per ritardare l’età della menopausa naturale, come riscontrato da un’indagine svolta su oltre 3.500 donne del UK Women's Cohort Study  (192).   

Quali sono i messaggi da ricordare?

L’apporto alimentare e l’integrazione di determinati antiossidanti e vitamine si rivelano un significativo contributo anche per prevenire e mitigare le problematiche dell’endometriosi, in sinergia alle cure mediche e ad un’adeguato stile di vita (199).

Ridurre in modo mirato i livelli di ossido-infiammazione sistemica, la disfunzione mitocondriale e rallentare l’invecchiamento biologico assume sempre più un ruolo polivalente per raggiungere e conservare la salute durante il corso della vita.  

Nota 1

Nutraceutici Mitochon srl 

Mitofast® è una formulazione orosolubile, bilanciata e sinergica di:

- resveratrolo 40 mg;

- coenzima Q10 100 mg;

- acido folico 400 mcg;

- vitamina C 20 mg;

- N-acetilcisteina (NAC) 150 mg come  precursore di glutatione;

- N-acetilglucosamina (NAG) 150 mg, per la sintesi di acido ialuronico. 

Mitofast B12 è un integratore liquido studiato per somministrare in modo mirato la ciancobalamina, la forma di vitamina B12 farmacologicamente più adatta per l’uso orale.

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106. Mini-Review Motivi per l’Integrazione Mirata 2024 https://www.mitochon.it/4-motivi-1-per-utilizzare-lintegrazione-mirata-contro-linvecchiamento-cutaneo-e-sistemico/

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115. Mini-Review Resveratrolo - Età biologica / Coenzima Q10 disfunzione mitocondriale 2025 https://www.mitochon.it/resveratrolo-coenzima-q10-eta-biologica-mitocondri-cosa-ce-di-nuovo/?v=0d149b90e739

116. Mini-Review Antiaging cognitivo 2025 https://www.mitochon.it/antiaging-cognitivo/?v=0d149b90e739

117. Mini-Review Coenzima Q10 - Resveratrolo aterosclerosi - performance muscolare 2026 https://www.mitochon.it/coenzima-q10-novita-di-fine-2025-ed-inizio-2026/?v=0d149b90e739

118. Mini-Review Antiaging cardiovascolare 2025 https://www.mitochon.it/antiaging-cardiovascolare/?v=0d149b90e739

119. Mini-Review Antiaging muscolare 2025 https://www.mitochon.it/antiaging-muscolare/?v=0d149b90e739

120. Mini-Review Osteoporosi - Resveratrolo 2025 https://www.mitochon.it/osteoporosi-nel-post-menopausa-attualita-sul-ruolo-del-resveratrolo-altri-antiossidanti-e-vitamine/?v=0d149b90e739

121. Mini-Review Sovrappenso / Obesità - Resveratrolo - Antiossidanti 2025 https://www.mitochon.it/sovrappeso-obesita-quale-contributo-dal-resveratrolo-ed-altri-antiossidanti/?v=0d149b90e739

122. Mini-Review Stress psicofisico - Antiossidanti / Neuroprotettori 2025 https://www.mitochon.it/stress-psicofisico-attualita-sulluso-appropriato-di-antiossidanti-neuroprotettivi/?v=0d149b90e739

123. Mini-Review Salute del sonno - antiossidanti - vitamine 2025 https://www.mitochon.it/salute-del-sonno-quale-contributo-da-antiossidanti-e-vitamine/?v=0d149b90e739

124. Mini-Review Coenzima Q10 e stanchezza psicofisica 2025 https://www.mitochon.it/coenzima-q10-quale-ruolo-nella-gestione-della-stanchezza-psico-fisica/?v=0d149b90e739

125. Mini-Review umore - energia - vitalità ruolo antiossidanti e vitamine 2025 https://www.mitochon.it/antiossidanti-e-vitamine-quali-effetti-su-umore-energia-e-vitalita/?v=0d149b90e739

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131. Mini-Review Resveratrolo Peri- Post-Menopausa 2023 https://www.mitochon.it/peri-e-post-menopausa-novita-sui-vantaggi-dellintegrazionealimentare-mirata/

132. Mini-Review Resveratrolo effetti neuroprotettivi 2023 https://www.mitochon.it/cervello-e-cognitivita-effetti-neuroprotettivi-del-resveratrolo/

133. Amini A, Heidari-Soureshjani S, Sherwin CM, Ghahfarrokhi SH. The Effects of Resveratrol on Menopausal Cardio-metabolic Changes: A Systematic Review. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets. 2025 Sep 23. doi: 10.2174/011871529X398468250910225946.

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135. Miao R, Zhang B, Zhou D, Kang M, Tian J, Zhao L, Tong X. Clinical Efficacy of Curcumin, Resveratrol, Silymarin, and Berberine on Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systemic Review and Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis. Phytother Res. 2025 Dec;39(12):5617-5633. doi: 10.1002/ptr.8431.

136. Jarrín-Orozco MP, Romo-Vaquero M, Carrascosa C, Pertegal M, Berná J, Puigcerver J, Saura-Sanmartín A, Espinosa-Salinas I, García-Nicolás M, Ávila-Gálvez MÁ, Espín JC. Polyphenol-Related Gut Metabotype Signatures Linked to Quality of Life in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial. Nutrients. 2025 Nov 15;17(22):3572. doi: 10.3390/nu17223572.

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