Salute della donna e menopausa: l’aiuto della nutraceutica selettiva

Le più recenti acquisizioni medico scientifiche attribuiscono un ruolo fondamentale alla corretta assunzione di determinati micronutrienti in occasione dei cambiamenti ormonali che precedono la menopausa, ed il periodo successivo.

Un’ulteriore contributo di queste sostanze di origine alimentare e nutraceutica è stato dimostrato per prevenire la menopausa precoce, tra i 40 ed i 45 anni. 

Cambiamenti ormonali, prima e dopo la menopausa 

La rivista dell’European Association for Predictive, Preventive and Personalized Medicine ha di recente descritto i cambiamenti cellulari che avvengono in occasione del declino ormonale della donna (1).

Il naturale abbassamento degli estrogeni, dovuto all’esaurimento dei follicoli ovarici, causa 

l’aumento dello stress ossidativo, dell’infiammazione sistemica cronica e della disfunzione mitocondriale che, nell’insieme, possono minacciare l’equilibrio di organi e sistemi (1, 2, 3).

Sono meccanismi influenzati ed accelerati anche da agenti esterni, come  gli inquinanti ambientali (3).

Ad esempio, l’abitudine al fumo può causare un’anticipo della menopausa di 1 - 4 anni rispetto alla media (3).

Inoltre, la presenza di altri fattori di rischio (facilitati dagli stessi cambiamenti ormonali), come sovrappeso / obesità, insulino resistenza, disbiosi intestinale, aggravano ulteriormente lo stato infiammatorio dell’intero organismo (1, 3, 11, 12 ).

Queste condizioni contribuiscono ad aumentare il rischio di osteoporosi (4-8), di malattie cardiovascolare e neurocognitive (9), e dei sintomi tipici del cambiamento ormonale e dopo la menopausa, come le vampate di calore (10, 15-22).

Sono tutti processi che dipendono anche dal contemporaneo abbassamento delle difese antiossidanti dell’organismo, ad iniziare dal glutatione, il principale antiossidante presente nelle cellule umane (1, 13, 14).

Per attenuare questa sequenza di eventi l’articolo del EPMA Journal puntualizza il significativo supporto di determinati antiossidanti e molecole bioattive adatte a proteggere le funzioni dei mitocondri e delle cellule (1, 2, 3).

Numerosi studi clinici hanno infatti documentati benefici derivanti dall’integrazione selettiva di coenzima Q10, vitamina C ed E, N-acetilcisteina che contribuisce alla biosintesi del glutatione (1, 23-31).

I polifenoli, come resveratrolo, quercetina e curcumina, oltre agli effetti antiossidanti ed antinfiammatori, contribuiscono a modulare il metabolica osseo e lipidico, ed il microbiota intestinale, oltre ad essere dei neuroprotettori (1, 2, 3, 27-37).

Il resveratrolo è inoltre un cosiddetto fitoestrogeno, che può aiutare a contrastare ulteriormente l’abbassamento degli estrogeni (1, 2, 3, 27-48).

Durante la transizione menopausale e dopo la menopausa, anche l’adeguato apporto alimentare e/o nutraceutico di altri micronutrienti assume un ruolo fondamentale, es.: vitamine B, D, E, calcio, magnesio, zinco ecc. (1, 2, 3, 16, 21, 31, 49-52).

In parallelo, le ricerche cliniche sottolineano l’utilità della valutazione medica precoce, per programmare specifici trattamenti personalizzati, che i clinici riterranno necessari durante il declino degli estrogeni, es.:

•   Terapia ormonale sostitutiva che rappresenta la prima scelta per ridurre la sintomatologia vasomotoria (es.: vampate di calore) e genitourinaria (es.: secchezza vaginale), prevenire disturbi del metabolismo osseo e lipidico, insulino resistenza e complicazioni cardiovascolari (1, 2, 3, 53-66).

•   Interventi migliorativi sui fattori di rischio, come abitudini alimentari, attività fisica, qualità e durata del sonno ecc. (1, 2, 3, 53-66).   

Età d’insorgenza della menopausa

I citati micronutrienti svolgono un ruolo essenziale anche per tutelare la salute della donna in età fertile (3, 21, 67, 68, 70), es.:

•   preservare la salute riproduttiva;

•   posticipare l’età d’esordio della menopausa;

•   ridurre il rischio di complicazioni derivanti dalla menopausa precoce.  

E’ stato infatti dimostrato che proteggere e migliorare le difese antiossidanti dell’organismo, ed assumere per via alimentare e/o con l’integrazione mirata di vitamine, minerali, ed acidi grassi omega 3, contribuisce a:

•   ridurre il rischio di menopausa precoce (40-45 anni);

•   ritardare l’età della menopausa ed a prolungare la vita riproduttiva (69, 70, 71).

Sono risultati confermati da studi effettuati su migliaia di donne, attraverso qualificate indagini epidemiologiche, es.: UK Women’s Cohort Study e National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (69, 70, 71).

Altre sostanze come il resveratrolo, ed altri polifenoli, oltre a magnesio, zinco, coenzima Q10, aiutano a rallentare i processi dell’invecchiamento e prevenire le complicazioni croniche, es.: cardiometaboliche e neurologiche, alle quali espone la menopausa precoce (1, 2, 3, 68-84).

Purtroppo alcuni studi clinici europei ed italiani richiamano l’attenzione sul rischio dell’apporto inadeguato di vitamine (es.: D, B12, folati), calcio, ferro, magnesio, zinco (85-90).

Queste ricerche suggeriscono una maggiore sorveglianza del rischio di insufficiente assunzione e di carenze di micronutrienti, oltre alla necessità dell’integrazione personalizzata per soddisfare il fabbisogno giornaliero (85-94).

Inoltre, sono state ben individuate le condizioni di rischio che possono causare l’insufficiente apporto o carenza di determinati micronutrienti, es.: 

•   diete ipocaloriche non controllate e/o aumentato fabbisogno (es.: elevati livelli di attività fisica, allattamento), con possibili gravi complicazioni nel breve e lungo periodo, in termini ormonali e metabolici (89, 91, 92);

•   diete vegane e vegetariane, in particolare per l’inadeguata assunzione di vitamina B12 e D (93, 94, 95).

L’insufficiente assunzione di vitamine B6, B12 e folati / acido folico espone anche al rischio di innalzamento dei livelli ematici di omocisteina  (21, 91 96, 97), che possono causare complicazioni metaboliche, cardiovascolari, neurologiche ecc. (21, 59, 96-100).

Pertanto le vitamine B svolgono un’incisiva funzione preventiva contro le malattie croniche (21, 59, 96-100).

Una ricerca effettuata su oltre 17.000 donne, ha dimostrato l’effetto protettivo delle vitamine B anche nei confronti  del rischio delle malattie oncologiche (101).

Conclusioni

•   Le ricerche cliniche confermano il contributo dell’integrazione selettiva per prevenire e mitigare i processi all’origine dei disturbi collegati al declino ormonale femminile.

•   Le indagini europee ed italiane richiamano l’attenzione sul frequente rischio dell’insufficiente assunzione di micronutrienti come vitamine e minerali.

•   Gli ingredienti attivi dei nutraceutici e dei dermocosmeceutici, studiati dalla ricerca Mitochon srl   (Nota 1), contribuiscono a proteggere e migliorare la salute della donna durante le varie fasi della vita, in parallelo ad appropriate terapie mediche ed abitudini di vita (1, 102-108).

Nota 1

Prodotti della ricerca Mitochon srl  :

•   La linea dermocosmeceutica è stata concepita per proteggere e rigenerare le attività delle cellule cutanee e ridurre i segni dell’invecchiamento, attraverso l’azione sinergica di: coenzima Q10, acido folico, precursori della vitamina C, N-acetilglucosamina (NAG) precursore di acido ialuronico, glutatione, tocoferolo, retinil palmitato, ceramidi, acidi grassi ecc..

•   Ulteriore elemento distintivo dei dermocosmeceutici di Mitochon srl la presenza di fattori di protezione solare: SPF 30 nell’emulsione giorno e SPF 6 nel siero concentrato.

•   Gli integratori Mitofast®  e MitofastB12 , contribuiscono ad attenuare i fenomeni biomolecolari dell’invecchiamento cutaneo e sistemico, intervenendo sui principali hallmarks of aging, es.: disfunzione mitocondriale, infiammazione sistemica, alterazioni epigenetiche / metilazione del DNA, senescenza cellulare, disbiosi.

•   Mitofast® è una formulazione orosolubile, studiata con una precisa stechiometria di: resveratrolo, coenzima Q10, acido folico, vitamina C, N-acetilcisteina (NAC) precursore di glutatione, N-acetilglucosamina (NAG) per promuovere la sintesi di acido ialuronico. 

•   Mitofast B12 è un integratore liquido formulato per somministrare in modo mirato la ciancobalamina, la forma di vitamina B12 farmacologicamente più adatta per l’uso orale.

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79. da Silva Rodrigues G, Noronha NY, Benjamim J, Sobrinho ACDS, Sousa Neto IV, Sae-Lee C, Chitta P, Kawamura T, Barbosa F Júnior, Nonino CB, Watanabe LM, Bueno CR Júnior. Epigenetic signatures and genetic variants associated with muscle strength in postmenopausal women: potential bone muscle cross talk via BMP1 mechanisms. Physiol Genomics. 2026 Mar 1;58(3):152-169. doi: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00254.2025.

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85. Christie S, Crooks D, Thomson-Selibowitz R, Green-Woolard A and Mantantzis K (2025) Micronutrient inadequacy in Europe: the overlooked role of food supplements in health resilience. Front. Nutr. 12:1686365. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1686365

86. Le Donne C, Ferrari M, Mistura L, D'Addezio L, Comendador Azcarraga FJ, Martone D, Piccinelli R, Sette S, Catasta G, Turrini A; IV SCAI field work team. The National Food Consumption Survey IV SCAI: Nutrient Intakes and Related Dietary Sources in Italy. Nutrients. 2025 Dec 27;18(1):88. doi: 10.3390/nu18010088.

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89. Mini-Review Motivi per l’Integrazione Mirata 2024 https://www.mitochon.it/4-motivi-1-per-utilizzare-lintegrazione-mirata-contro-linvecchiamento-cutaneo-e-sistemico/

90. Guetterman HM, Crider KS, Fothergill A, Bose B, Johnson CB, Jabbar S, Zhang M, Pfeiffer CM, Rose CE, Qi YP, Williams JL, Mehta S, Kuriyan R, Finkelstein JL. Vitamin B12 status and metabolic health in women of reproductive age: Population-based biomarker survey. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2025 Aug;68:176-188. doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2025.05.011. 

91. Hecht S, Wittstein J, Kimura Y, Arias C. CRITICAL IMPLICATIONS OF FEMALE BONE METABOLISM IN ORTHOPEDICS: STATE OF THE ART. J ISAKOS. 2026 May 7:101133. doi: 10.1016/j.jisako.2026.101133.

92. Baddam S, Khan KM, Jialal I. Folic Acid Deficiency. 2025 Jun 25. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2026 Jan–. PMID: 30570998.

93. Bath SC. Plant-based diets for sustainability and health - but are we ignoring vital micronutrients? Proc Nutr Soc. 2025 Sep;84(3):216-224. doi: 10.1017/S0029665125100062.

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96. Ramirez-Villalobos MD, Monterrubio-Flores E, Marquez-Murillo M, Alcalde-Rabanal J, Shamah-Levy T, Perichart-Perera O, Macias-Morales N, Campos-Nonato I. Vitamin B12 Deficiency, Hyperhomocysteinemia, and Diabetes as Metabolic Determinants of Cardiovascular Risk in Mexican Women. Nutrients. 2025 Nov 12;17(22):3535. doi: 10.3390/nu17223535.

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99. Rodríguez-Vera D, Gómez-Martínez MA, Herrera-Picazo MV, Robledo LA, Tufiño C, Bustamante-Tenorio CC, Soriano-Ursúa MA, Morales-González Á, Madrigal-Santillán EO, Vergara-Castañeda A, Morales-González JA. Nutrient-Sensitive Epigenetic Modifiers as Candidate Biomarkers of Metabolic Dysfunction in Obesity: A Nutrigenomic Review. Int J Mol Sci. 2026 May 14;27(10):4372. doi: 10.3390/ijms27104372. 

100. Singh A, McElroy JP, Weng DY, Reisinger SA, Freudenheim JL, Shields PG, Song MA. Associations of breast DNA methylation-based measures of biological ageing with obesity-related breast cancer risk markers. Epigenetics. 2026 Dec;21(1):2632400. doi: 10.1080/15592294.2026.2632400. 

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102. Mini-Review Interazioni Bidirezionali Pelle Cervello 2026 https://www.mitochon.it/interazioni-bidirezionali-pelle-cervello-e-oltre/?v=0d149b90e739

103. Mini-Review Stress ambientali e ruolo dei mitocondri 2026 https://www.mitochon.it/stress-ambientali-e-integrita-mitocondriale-nellantiaging-cutaneo/?v=0d149b90e739

104. Mini-Review Coenzima Q10 - vitamine B - aging cutaneo 2026 https://www.mitochon.it/6-highlights-2026-su-coenzima-q10-vitamine-b-e-aging-cutaneo/?v=0d149b90e739

105. Mini-Review Prevenzione del declino cognitivo - mitocondri 2026 https://www.mitochon.it/prevenzione-del-declino-cognitivo/?v=0d149b90e739

106. Mini-Review studio pilota Mitofast 2024 https://www.mitochon.it/mitofast-nuovi-ed-importanti-risultati-da-uno-studio-clinico-preliminare/

107. Mini-Review Menopausa antiaging cutaneo 2025 https://www.mitochon.it/6518/?v=0d149b90e739

108. Mini-Review Declino ormonale Salute della Donna https://www.mitochon.it/declino-ormonale-e-salute-della-donna-il-ruolo-della-nutraceutica-selettiva/?v=0d149b90e739