Resveratrolo ed altri antiossidanti: i benefici in caso di sovrappeso ed obesità

Oltre a rilevanti attività antiossidanti, antinfiammatorie ed antiaging il resveratrolo svolge interessanti attività sul regolare funzionamento del tessuto adiposo.

Inoltre, il resveratrolo contribuisce a prevenire ed attenuare alcuni disturbi clinici correlati al sovrappeso / obesità.

Sovrappeso / obesità e difese antiossidanti

Le insufficienti difese antiossidanti dell’organismo (Nota 1) accelerano l’invecchiamento biologico del nostro organismo, ed aumentano il rischio d’insorgenza di molte malattie croniche (1-13).

Viceversa, adeguate capacità antiossidanti hanno un significativo effetto protettivo contro l’invecchiamento, anche nelle persone maggiormente a rischio, es.:  uomini, fumatori,  consumatori di alcol (13, 14, 15, 16).

Sono argomenti di estrema attualità scientifica trattati da prestigiose riviste internazionali: Antioxidants (13),  Biogerontology (14), International Journal of Molecular Sciences (16)

Nelle persone in sovrappeso o con l’obesità conclamata, le difese antiossidante risultano significativamente basse, rispetto ai soggetti con peso corporeo normale (7, 13).

Le alterazioni del peso corporeo determinano l’insorgenza di stress ossidativo,  infiammazione cronica, alterazioni immunitarie, disfunzione mitocondriale, che portano all’esaurimento delle difese antiossidanti e contribuiscono ad accelerare l’invecchiamento (13, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25).

L’avanzamento dell’età, inoltre, causa di per se il declino delle naturali difese antiossidanti dell’organismo,  e viene acutizzato da malattie, terapie farmacologiche, insufficiente apporto alimentare di micronutrienti / antiossidanti, fumo di sigaretta, ecc. (12). Si assiste ad un forte abbassamento delle concentrazioni ematiche di glutatione, coenzima Q10, vitamina C ed E, oltre ad altri antiossidanti sintetizzati dall’organismo, es.: superossido dismutasi (12, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32).

Queste trasformazioni hanno un impatto negativo sulla salute cardiometabolica e neurocognitiva (33-43) , aggravato anche dal declino di molecole endogene che, in condizioni fisiologiche, svolgono azioni antiaging: sirtuine e kloto proteine (44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50)

I benefici metabolici dei polifenoli 

Le ricerche degli ultimi anni hanno individuato composti di origine vegetale, come i polifenoli (Nota 2), dotate di effetti benefici sul regolare funzionamento del tessuto adiposo (51).

Ne sono un esempio: curcumina, quercetina, resveratrolo ecc., presenti in piccole quantità in alcuni alimenti di origine vegetale, ma sono caratterizzati anche ad un bassa biodisponibilità (51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56). 

Oltre a questa caratteristica, le attuali abitudini alimentare ed il basso consumo di cibi ricchi di polifenoli non permettono di raggiungere quantità efficaci di questi antiossidanti / antiaging naturali (12, 57-63). 

Per questo sono stati ampiamente studiati i risultati conseguiti con l’integrazione di resveratrolo (44, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 69, 70-80), che contribuisce a migliorare importanti parametri metabolici  (es.: profilo lipidico e glicemico), alla positiva attivazione delle sirtuine e kloto con i loro effetti antiaging, ed alla regolazione ponderale (54, 55, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 81-91):

Inoltre il resveratrolo, come altri polifenoli, es.: quercetina, curcumina, ha una favorevole e significativa influenza per:

- mantenere l’omeostasi del microbiota intestinale che risulta funzionale anche per il controllo del peso corporeo e la prevenzione delle malattie età dipendenti (87, 92-99);

- modulare il senso di sazietà ed appetito (30, 81, 100, 101, 102, 103).

I benefici metabolici di altri antiossidanti

Oltre ai polifenoli, altre molecole attive sui processi ossido-infiammatori possono contribuire ad elevare le difese antiossidanti e prevenire le complicazioni del sovrappeso / obesità, es.: cardiovascolari, metaboliche, steatosi epatica, disbiosi intestinale, oltre a contrastare l’invecchiamento biologico (30):

- glutatione (104 - 110);

- vitamina E (30, 104, 110-116);

- vitamina C (31, 32, 104, 111, 117, 118, 119);

- vitamine del complesso B (111, 120, 121, 122, 123) in particolare, l’acido folico, la vitamina B6 e la B12 (121, 122, 123, 124).

- vitamina A, selenio, carotenoidi (30), acidi grassi omega 3  (125, 126, 127, 128), coenzima Q10 e vitamina D (110, 129-137).

Gran parte di queste molecole con il loro effetto antiossidante diretto, ed il loro coinvolgimento nella sintesi degli antiossidanti endogeni, contribuiscono a contrastare gli squilibri del tessuto adiposo e le relative complicazioni cliniche (87, 110, 129, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143).

Innovazione dalla ricerca

Anche per queste problematiche l’integratore alimentare Mitofast® bit.ly/3VUlGkS, frutto della ricerca Mitochon srl https://www.mitochon.it/, può contribuire a raggiungere significativi risultati.

Infatti, Mitofast ha specifiche caratteristiche che permettono di:

- ottimizzare l’assorbimento e la biodisponibilità del resveratrolo (90, 91, 92), con la somministrazione in forma  orosolubile, da sciogliere in bocca senza utilizzo di acqua;

- ottenere un’azione sinergica degli ingredienti attivi: resveratrolo, coenzima Q10, N-acetilcisteina (precursore di glutatione), N-acetilglucosammina, acido folico e vitamina C (90, 91, 109, 110, 115, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123);

- incrementare le difese antiossidanti dell’organismo (110), ridurre i danni dell’ossido-infiammazione (110, 141), proteggere e rigenerare le attività mitocondriali e cellulari (142);  

- prevenire ed attenuare i danni dell’ invecchiamento e dei disturbi correlati (11, 12, 15, 90-92, 107-110, 115, 119-123) .

Nota 1 (1-13)

Difese antiossidanti dell’organismo

Negli ultimi anni numerose ricerche si sono concentrate sulle implicazioni delle difese antiossidanti dell’organismo e le relazioni con varie problematiche cliniche.

Per esprimere lo stato antiossidante è stato introdotto il parametro della capacità antiossidante totale (Total Antioxidant Capacity, TAC), sia per quanto riguarda l’apporto alimentare giornaliero (dietary TAC), sia per quella rilevabile nei fluidi organici, sangue (serum TAC), saliva, urine (1, 2, 3,, 4, 5, 6).

Nell’organismo, la capacità antiossidante totale esprime l’attività antiossidante sinergica delle sostanze assunte per via alimentare e quelle fisiologicamente sintetizzate nelle cellule. Le fisiologiche difese antiossidanti del nostro organismo comprendo molecole enzimatiche, es.: superossido dismutasi (SOD), glutatione perossidasi (GPx) e catalasi (CAT) (7).

Tra gli antiossidanti non enzimatici prodotti endogenicamente il glutatione e la melatonina.

E’ molto ampia la varietà di antiossidanti esogeni non sintetizzati dall’organismo, ad iniziare dalla vitamina C, ed altre molecole come: vitamina E, coenzima Q10 (solo in parte sintetizzato anche nelle cellule), carotenoidi, polifenoli, sulforafani, minerali ecc introdotti con l’alimentazione (8, 9).

Le concentrazioni di entrambe le categorie di antiossidanti che riflettono la capacità antiossidante totale, sono suscettibili a variazioni e ad un’inesorabile declino con l’avanzamento dell’età (7), Oltre all’effetto di vari agenti esterni ed abitudini di vita, es.: raggi ultravioletti, inquinanti ecc. (9, 10), all’alta esposizione allo stress psicofisico (11), per insufficiente apporto alimentare di importanti molecole antiossidanti presenti in alcuni tipi di frutti e verdure, ed altri fattori (12, 13) ecc..

Nota 2 (30, 51, 52)

I polifenoli sono composti presenti in piccole quantità nei prodotti vegetali, es.: frutta, verdura, olio di oliva. I polifenoli hanno un ruolo chiave nel rigenerare il sistema antiossidante endogeno, es.: superossido dismutasi (SOD), glutatione perossidasi (GPx) e catalasi (CAT) (30, 51, 52).

In contemporanea, i polifenoli risultano fondamentali per arginare l’eccessiva produzione di specie reattive dell’ossigeno (ROS) e l’infiammazione cronica alimentata anche dal tessuto adiposo (30)

Inoltre, i polifenoli hanno la capacità di contrastare la senescenza cellulare (attività senolitica), prevenire e ridurre la disfunzione mitocondriale ed immunitaria ecc., che inciderebbero negativamente anche sulla composizione corporea, oltre ad accelerare il processo dell’’invecchiamento (51, 52).

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62. Li-Xue Zhang, Chang-Xing Li, Mohib Ullah Kakar, Muhammad Sajjad Khan, Pei-Feng Wu, Rai Muhammad Amir, Dong-Fang Dai, Muhammad Naveed, Qin-Yuan Li, Muhammad Saeed, Ji-Qiang Shen, Shahid Ali Rajput, Jian-Hua Li, Resveratrol (RV): A pharmacological review and call for further research, Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Vol. 143, 2021,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112164.

63.Drago, L., Ciprandi, G., Brindisi, G., Brunese, F.P., Dinardo, G., Gori, A., Indolfi, C., Naso, M., Tondina, E., Trincianti, C., Varricchio, A., Zicari, A. M., Ullah, H., & Daglia, M., & the Nutraceutical, Medical Device Task Force of the Italian Society of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology (SIAIP). (2024). Certainty and uncertainty in the biological activities of resveratrol. Food Frontiers, 5, 849–854. https://doi.org/10.1002/fft2.375

64. Szymkowiak I, Marcinkowska J, Kucinska M, Regulski M, Murias M. Resveratrol Bioavailability After Oral Administration: A Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trial Data. Phytother Res. 2025 Jan;39(1):453-464. doi: 10.1002/ptr.8379.

65. Brown K, Theofanous D, Britton RG, Aburido G, Pepper C, Sri Undru S, Howells L. Resveratrol for the Management of Human Health: How Far Have We Come? A Systematic Review of Resveratrol Clinical Trials to Highlight Gaps and Opportunities. Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Jan 6;25(2):747. doi: 10.3390/ijms25020747.

66. Pezzino S, Sofia M, Mazzone C, Litrico G, Greco LP, Gallo L, La Greca G, Latteri S. Innovative treatments for obesity and NAFLD: A bibliometric study on antioxidants, herbs, phytochemicals, and natural compounds. Heliyon. 2024 Aug 8;10(16):e35498. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35498.

67. Makhtoomi M, Shateri Z, Mashoufi A, Nouri M, Honarvar B, Keshani P. The association between dietary polyphenol intake and the odds of metabolic syndrome. Sci Rep. 2024 Oct 26;14(1):25559. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-77335-4.

68. Romain, C.; Chung, L.H.; Marín-Cascales, E.; Rubio-Arias, J.A.; Gaillet, S.; Laurent, C.; Morillas-Ruiz, J.M.; Martínez-Rodriguez, A.; Alcaraz, P.E.; Cases, J. Sixteen Weeks of Supplementation with a Nutritional Quantity of a Diversity of Polyphenols from Foodstuff Extracts Improves the Health-Related Quality of Life of Overweight and Obese Volunteers: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2021, 13, 492. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13020492

69. Rao PP. Phytochemicals in Obesity Management: Mechanisms and Clinical Perspectives. Curr Nutr Rep. 2025 Jan 14;14(1):17. doi: 10.1007/s13668-025-00611-w.

70. Molani-Gol R, Rafraf M. Effects of resveratrol on the anthropometric indices and inflammatory markers: an umbrella meta-analysis. Eur J Nutr. 2024 Jun;63(4):1023-1040. doi: 10.1007/s00394-024-03335-9. 

71. Özyalçın B, Sanlier N. Antiobesity pathways of pterostilbene and resveratrol: a comprehensive insight. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2024 Nov;64(31):11428-11436. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2238319.

72. Terzo, M.; Iantomasi, M.; Tsiani, E. Effects of Resveratrol on Adipocytes: Evidence from In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Molecules 2024, 29, 5359. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29225359

73. Gu X, Wang X, Wang S, Shen Y, Lu L. Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index is inversely associated with visceral adipose tissue area among U.S. adults: A cross-sectional study. Nutr Res. 2024 Apr;124:13-20. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.01.011.

74. Wang Z, Wang Q, Tang F, Zhong S. Composite dietary antioxidant index and obesity among U.S. adults in NHANES 2007-2018. Sci Rep. 2024 Nov 15;14(1):28102. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-78852-y. 

75. Mérida DM, Vitelli-Storelli F, Moreno-Franco B, Rodríguez-Ayala M, López-García E, Banegas JR, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, Guallar-Castillón P. Polyphenol intake and mortality: A nationwide cohort study in the adult population of Spain. Clin Nutr. 2023 Jul;42(7):1076-1085. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.05.020. 

76. Zhu P, Jin Y, Sun J, Zhou X. The efficacy of resveratrol supplementation on inflammation and oxidative stress in type-2 diabetes mellitus patients: randomized double-blind placebo meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2025 Jan 13;15:1463027. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1463027.

77. Martínez-Esquivias F, Guzmán-Flores JM, Reyes-Chaparro A, Sánchez-Enríquez S, Anaya-Esparza LM. Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and Molecular Dynamics Study to Explore the Effect of Resveratrol on Type 2 Diabetes. J Cell Biochem. 2025 Jan;126(1):e30655. doi: 10.1002/jcb.30655.

78. Martiniakova M, Sarocka A, Penzes N, Biro R, Kovacova V, Mondockova V, Sevcikova A, Ciernikova S, Omelka R. Protective Role of Dietary Polyphenols in the Management and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Nutrients. 2025 Jan 13;17(2):275. doi: 10.3390/nu17020275.

79. Zhu L, Yang M, Fan L, Yan Q, Zhang L, Mu P, Lu F. Interaction between resveratrol and SIRT1: role in neurodegenerative diseases. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2025 Jan;398(1):89-101. doi: 10.1007/s00210-024-03319-w. 

80. Tosatti JAG, Fontes AFDS, Caramelli P, Gomes KB. Effects of Resveratrol Supplementation on the Cognitive Function of Patients with Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. Drugs Aging. 2022 Apr;39(4):285-295. doi: 10.1007/s40266-022-00923-4.

81. Street, M.E.; Casadei, F.; Di Bari, E.R.; Ferraboschi, F.; Montani, A.G.; Shulhai, A.-M.; Esposito, S. The Role of Nutraceuticals and Probiotics in Addition to Lifestyle Intervention in the Management of Childhood Obesity—Part 1: Metabolic Changes. Nutrients 2025, 17, 1630. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17101630

82. Fatima S, Khan DA, Aamir M, Pervez MA, Fatima F. δ-Tocotrienol in Combination with Resveratrol Improves the Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Biomarkers in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2023 Feb;21(1):25-34. doi: 10.1089/met.2022.0052.

83. Cai Y, Chen Q. Resveratrol: A Narrative Review Regarding Its Mechanisms in Mitigating Obesity-Associated Metabolic Disorders. Phytother Res. 2025 Feb;39(2):999-1019. doi: 10.1002/ptr.8416.

84. Yu X, Jia Y, Ren F. Multidimensional biological activities of resveratrol and its prospects and challenges in the health field. Front Nutr. 2024 Jun 12;11:1408651. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1408651. 

85. Zhang S, Kiarasi F. Therapeutic effects of resveratrol on epigenetic mechanisms in age-related diseases: A comprehensive review. Phytother Res. 2024 May;38(5):2347-2360. doi: 10.1002/ptr.8176.

86. Portillo Siqueiros EY, Santellano-Estrada E, Flores Villalobos MÁ, Roacho Soto MG, Martínez Flórez S. Efectos del zinc y resveratrol como moduladores de la respuesta a la leptina en adultos con obesidad [Effects of zinc and resveratrol as modulators of leptin response in adults with obesity]. Nutr Hosp. 2024 Oct 31;41(5):968-975. Spanish. doi: 10.20960/nh.05177. 

87. Kim MB, Lee J, Lee JY. Targeting Mitochondrial Dysfunction for the Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Disease by Bioactive Food Components. J Lipid Atheroscler. 2024 Sep;13(3):306-327. doi: 10.12997/jla.2024.13.3.306. 

88. Utpal BK, Mokhfi FZ, Zehravi M, Sweilam SH, Gupta JK, Kareemulla S, C RD, Rao AA, Kumar VV, Krosuri P, Prasad D, Khan SL, Roy SC, Rab SO, Alshehri MA, Emran TB. Resveratrol: A Natural Compound Targeting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway in Neurological Diseases. Mol Neurobiol. 2025 May;62(5):5579-5608. doi: 10.1007/s12035-024-04608-4.

89. Zhao Y, Ren J, Chen W, Gao X, Yu H, Li X, Zheng Y, Yang J. Effects of polyphenols on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a case study of resveratrol. Food Funct. 2025 Apr 14;16(8):2926-2946. doi: 10.1039/d4fo04787g.

90. Mini-Review Resveratrolo Peri- Post-Menopausa https://www.mitochon.it/peri-e-post-menopausa-novita-sui-vantaggi-dellintegrazionealimentare-mirata/

91. Mini-Review Resveratrolo effetti neuroprotettivi https://www.mitochon.it/cervello-e-cognitivita-effetti-neuroprotettivi-del-resveratrolo/

92. Mini-Review Vitamine complesso B - microbiota https://www.mitochon.it/le-vitamine-del-gruppo-b-cosa-ce-di-nuovo-parte-2/

93. Cano R, Bermúdez V, Galban N, Garrido B, Santeliz R, Gotera MP, Duran P, Boscan A, Carbonell-Zabaleta AK, Durán-Agüero S, Rojas-Gómez D, González-Casanova J, Díaz-Vásquez W, Chacín M, Angarita Dávila L. Dietary Polyphenols and Gut Microbiota Cross-Talk: Molecular and Therapeutic Perspectives for Cardiometabolic Disease: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Aug 22;25(16):9118. doi: 10.3390/ijms25169118.

94. Wang P, Wang R, Zhao W, Zhao Y, Wang D, Zhao S, Ge Z, Ma Y, Zhao X. Gut microbiota-derived 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid from resveratrol supplementation prevents obesity through SIRT1 signaling activation. Gut Microbes. 2025 Dec;17(1):2446391. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2446391.

95. Meyer C, Brockmueller A, Ruiz de Porras V, Shakibaei M. Microbiota and Resveratrol: How Are They Linked to Osteoporosis? Cells. 2024 Jul 3;13(13):1145. doi: 10.3390/cells13131145. 

96. Mao T, Zhang Y, Kaushik R, Mohan MS. Effects of polyphenols on gut microbiota and inflammatory markers in individuals with overweight or obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2024 Dec 3:1-18. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2436644.

97. Dong Z, Yu P, Li J, Zhou H, Li R, Wang S, Yang G, Nie Y, Liu L, Bian X, Jiang W, Gu Y, Yang Y. Discovery of an ene-reductase initiating resveratrol catabolism in gut microbiota and its application in disease treatment. Cell Rep. 2025 Apr 22;44(4):115517. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2025.115517.

98. Martiniakova M, Sarocka A, Penzes N, Biro R, Kovacova V, Mondockova V, Sevcikova A, Ciernikova S, Omelka R. Protective Role of Dietary Polyphenols in the Management and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Nutrients. 2025 Jan 13;17(2):275. doi: 10.3390/nu17020275.

99. Al-Regaiey, K. Crosstalk between adipogenesis and aging: role of polyphenols in combating adipogenic-associated aging. Immun Ageing 21, 76 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12979-024-00481-w

100. Hongyan Liu, Xue Guo, Kexin Jiang, Boshan Shi, Lingyi Liu, Ruyan Hou, Guijie Chen, Mohamed A. Farag, Ning Yan, Lianliang Liu, Dietary polyphenols regulate appetite mechanism via gut-brain axis and gut homeostasis, Food Chemistry, Volume 446, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138739.

101. Aloo SO, Ofosu FK, Kim NH, Kilonzi SM, Oh DH. Insights on Dietary Polyphenols as Agents against Metabolic Disorders: Obesity as a Target Disease. Antioxidants (Basel). 2023 Feb 8;12(2):416. doi: 10.3390/antiox12020416.

102. Serna, A., Marhuenda, J., Arcusa, R. et al. Effectiveness of a polyphenolic extract (Lippia citriodora and Hibiscus sabdariffa) on appetite regulation in overweight and obese grade I population: an 8-week randomized, double-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled trial . Eur J Nutr 61, 825–841 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-021-02678-x

103. Zuñiga-Martínez, B.S.; Domínguez-Avila, J.A.; Montiel-Herrera, M.; Villegas-Ochoa, M.A.; Robles-Sánchez, R.M.; Ayala-Zavala, J.F.; Viuda-Martos, M.; González-Aguilar, G.A. Consumption of Plant-Derived Phenolic Acids Modulates Hunger and Satiety Responses Due to Chemical Interactions with Enteroendocrine Mediators. Foods 2024, 13, 3640. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13223640

104. Sharebiani, H.; Mokaram, M.; Mirghani, M.; Fazeli, B.; Stanek, A. The Effects of Antioxidant Supplementation on the Pathologic Mechanisms of Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Disease Development. Nutrients 2024, 16, 1641. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16111641

105. Panahi, Y.; Ostadmohammadi, V.; Raygan, F.; Sharif, M.R.; Sahebkar, A. The effects of N-acetylcysteine administration on metabolic status and serum adiponectin levels in patients with metabolic syndrome: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J. Funct. Foods 2022, 99, 105299.

106. Goutzourelas N, Orfanou M, Charizanis I, Leon G, Spandidos DA, Kouretas D. GSH levels affect weight loss in individuals with metabolic syndrome and obesity following dietary therapy. Exp Ther Med. 2018 Aug;16(2):635-642. doi: 10.3892/etm.2018.6204.

107. Mini-Review Sindrome Metabolica https://www.mitochon.it/sindrome-metabolica-2024-dalle-origini-molecolari-al-ruolo-dei-nutraceutici/

108. Mini-Review Steatosi Epatica https://www.mitochon.it/steatosi-epatica-novita-sui-meccanismi-dinsorgenza-ed-il-contributo-degli-antiossidanti/

109. Mini-Review Glutatione / NAC https://www.mitochon.it/glutatione-perche-proteggere-le-sue-concentrazioni-cellulari-nellantiaging/

110. Mini-Review studio pilota Mitofast https://www.mitochon.it/mitofast-nuovi-ed-importanti-risultati-da-uno-studio-clinico-preliminare/

111. Theodosis-Nobelos, P.; Rekka, E.A. The Antioxidant Potential of Vitamins and Their Implication in Metabolic Abnormalities. Nutrients 2024, 16, 2740. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16162740

112. Szewczyk, K.; Bryś, J.; Brzezińska, R.; Górnicka, M. Nutritional Status of Vitamin E and Its Association with Metabolic Health in Adults. Nutrients 2025, 17, 408. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17030408

113. LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; 2012-. Vitamin E. [Updated 2025 Apr 1]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK548283/

114. Wan R, Su Y, Zhu M, Huang Y. The association between blood vitamin E and blood pressure in an adult population with and without diabetes mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2024 Nov 6;15:1431293. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1431293.

115. Mini - Review Vitamina E ruolo sistemico e dermocosmesi https://www.mitochon.it/vitamina-e-aggiornamenti-generali-e-ruolo-nei-trattamenti-antiaging-della-pelle/

116. Christimann G, Rocha G, Sattler JAG. Bioactive compounds and dietary patterns in Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis. 2025 Apr;104(3):597-610. doi: 10.1177/13872877251319048.

117. Yu X, Zhu J, Xu Z. Association of Dietary Vitamin C Intake with the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome Among Adults: NHANES 2007-2018. Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2025 Apr;23(3):146-154. doi: 10.1089/met.2024.0149.

118. Zhou L, Wang T, Chen D, Cheng G, Li W, Cai X, Liao J, Bao W, Rong S. Association of serum vitamin C concentrations with Alzheimer's disease mortality among U.S. adults. Nutr Neurosci. 2025 May;28(5):622-630. doi: 10.1080/1028415X.2024.2403900.

119. Mini-Review Vitamina C https://www.mitochon.it/vitamina-c-il-contributo-per-lanti-aging-cutaneo/

120. Mini-Review Vitamine complesso B - microbiota https://www.mitochon.it/le-vitamine-del-gruppo-b-cosa-ce-di-nuovo-parte-2/

121. Mini-Review Vitamina B12 - Acido Folico https://www.mitochon.it/vitamina-b12-e-acido-folico-cosa-ce-di-nuovo-parte-1/

122. Mini-Review Vitamina B12 https://www.mitochon.it/vitamina-b12-nelle-strategie-antiaging/

123. Mini-Review Acido Folico https://www.mitochon.it/acido-folico-dalla-clinica-allantiaging-attualita-2024/

124. Fogacci F, Pizzi C, Bergamaschi L, Di Micoli V, Cicero AFG. Folic acid and plasma lipids: Interactions and effect of folate supplementation. Curr Probl Cardiol. 2024 Jun;49(6):102539. doi: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2024.102539.

125. Jerab, D.; Blangero, F.; da Costa, P.C.T.; de Brito Alves, J.L.; Kefi, R.; Jamoussi, H.; Morio, B.; Eljaafari, A. Beneficial Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Obesity and Related Metabolic and Chronic Inflammatory Diseases. Nutrients 2025, 17, 1253. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17071253

126. Chon JE, Semnani-Azad Z, Lai KZH, Connelly PW, Retnakaran R, Harris SB, Metherel AH, Jenkins DJA, Bazinet RP, Hanley AJ. Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids And Adipose Tissue Inflammation: Longitudinal Analysis in the PROMISE Cohort. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2025 Apr 22;110(5):1324-1333. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgae445.

127. McTavish PV, Mutch DM. Omega-3 fatty acid regulation of lipoprotein lipase and FAT/CD36 and its impact on white adipose tissue lipid uptake. Lipids Health Dis. 2024 Nov 20;23(1):386. doi: 10.1186/s12944-024-02376-7. 

128. Joerg R, Itariu BK, Amor M, Bilban M, Langer F, Prager G, Joerg F, Stulnig TM. The effect of long-chain n-3 PUFA on liver transcriptome in human obesity. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2025 Apr;204:102663. doi: 10.1016/j.plefa.2024.102663. 

129. Dludla, P.V.; Ziqubu, K.; Mabhida, S.E.; Mazibuko-Mbeje, S.E.; Hanser, S.; Nkambule, B.B.; Basson, A.K.; Pheiffer, C.; Tiano, L.; Kengne, A.P. Dietary Supplements Potentially Target Plasma Glutathione Levels to Improve Cardiometabolic Health in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials. Nutrients 2023, 15, 944. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15040944

130. DiNicolantonio JJ, McCarty MF, O'Keefe JH. Coenzyme Q10 deficiency can be expected to compromise Sirt1 activity. Open Heart. 2022 Mar;9(1):e001927. doi: 10.1136/openhrt-2021-001927.

131. Casagrande, D.; Waib, F.F.; Júnior, J.E.; Jordão Júnior, A.A. Effects of Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation in Women with Metabolic Syndrome and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Evaluated by Magnetic Resonance Imaging—Coenzyme Q10 in Metabolic Syndrome and NAFLD. Obesities 2024, 4, 106-117. https://doi.org/10.3390/obesities4020011

132. Zhang, P., Chen, K., He, T. et al. Coenzyme Q10 supplementation improves adipokine profile in dyslipidemic individuals: a randomized controlled trial. Nutr Metab (Lond) 19, 13 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12986-022-00649-5

133. Zhihao Liu, Zezhong Tian, Dan Zhao, Ying Liang, Suming Dai, Meitong Liu, Shanshan Hou, Xiaoxi Dong, Zhaxinima, Yan Yang, Effects of Coenzyme Q₁₀ Supplementation on Lipid Profiles in Adults: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Volume 108, Issue 1, January 2023, Pages 232–249, https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgac585

134. Patiño-Cardona S, Garrido-Miguel M, Pascual-Morena C, Berlanga-Macías C, Lucerón-Lucas-Torres M, Alfaro-González S, Martínez-García I. Effect of Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation on Lipid and Glycaemic Profiles: An Umbrella Review. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis. 2024 Nov 25;11(12):377. doi: 10.3390/jcdd11120377.

135. Zhao M, Tian Z, Zhao D, Kuang H, Liang Y, Liu Z, Xu Y, Hou S, Zhong Z and Yang Y (2024) Associations between dietary coenzyme Q10 intake and lipid profiles in adults: a national cross-sectional study. Front. Nutr. 11:1472002. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1472002

136. Mini-Review Coenzima Q10 2025 https://www.mitochon.it/il-coenzima-q10-novita-per-luso-mirato-nellantiaging-cutaneo-e-per-gli-effetti-sistemici/?v=0d149b90e739

137. Mini-Review Coenzima Q10 https://www.mitochon.it/coenzima-q10-anti-aging-mitocondriale-per-la-pelle/

138. Bartra, C.; Yuan, Y.; Vuraić, K.; Valdés-Quiroz, H.; Garcia-Baucells, P.; Slevin, M.; Pastorello, Y.; Suñol, C.; Sanfeliu, C. Resveratrol Activates Antioxidant Protective Mechanisms in Cellular Models of Alzheimer’s Disease Inflammation. Antioxidants 2024, 13, 177. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13020177

139. Bejenaru, L.E.; Biţă, A.; Belu, I.; Segneanu, A.-E.; Radu, A.; Dumitru, A.; Ciocîlteu, M.V.; Mogoşanu, G.D.; Bejenaru, C. Resveratrol: A Review on the Biological Activity and Applications. Appl. Sci. 2024, 14, 4534. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14114534

140. Teodora Constantinescu, Alin Grig Mihis, Resveratrol as a privileged molecule with antioxidant activity, Food Chemistry Advances, Vol. 3, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.focha.2023.100539.

141. Mini-Review Pelle - Infiammazione cronica 2025 https://www.mitochon.it/la-pelle-come-scudo-contro-linfiammazione-cronica-dellorganismo/?v=0d149b90e739

142. Mini - Review Benessere e salute mitocodriale https://www.mitochon.it/obiettivo-benessere-partendo-dalla-salute-dei-mitocondri/

143. Mini-Review Sovrappenso / Obesità - Resveratrolo - Antiossidanti 2025 https://www.mitochon.it/sovrappeso-obesita-quale-contributo-dal-resveratrolo-ed-altri-antiossidanti/?v=0d149b90e739